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How to Avoid Over-Housing

Forbes contributor, Joshua Becker, asks, do you really need that much home? His insightful article points out that we regularly only use 40% of our living space. Yet, Americans carry high mortgages and live with the stress of financial burden. More is not always better.

A small home is typically less expensive, easier to maintain and faster to clean.

Peter Dunn, at USA Today, reports that Americans suffer from over-housing: the concept of paying too much money for housing in relation to one’s income. Homes are emotional possessions that affect family harmony.

So, how do we end up with big houses and big mortgages? Unless we know the realtor well, they will show us what our money can buy rather than what we truly need. And, that mortgage becomes an albatross when unforeseen problems arise that cause a fragile budget to collapse. Often buyers will deplete their emergency fund in order to get a down payment together, then face higher utility costs, greater home maintenance expenses, higher insurance and property taxes, homeowners association fees, and on and on.

If the income of both husband and wife are necessary to cover the budget, then the loss of one job, or an extended illness can create complete havoc.

The stress and damage in such a scenario can be ugly, causing struggles in the short and long term. If you are wondering whether you are over-housed, answer these questions:

It may be that you need to rent temporarily or buy a smaller or less expensive home. Then, this time, buy only what you need, not what you can afford. And, give yourself the gift of financial freedom.

If You Are Buying A Car, Don’t Do This

British comedian John Oliver recently took aim at the rampant rip-off that currently takes place in the auto-lending sector with BUY HERE – PAY HERE loans. These are loans that make it easy to purchase a car on credit but with high interest rates and severe penalties for missing a payment or default.  These are called “sub-prime auto loans”.

In the video, a woman asking for a maximum $3,000 car loan ends up on the hook for a $13,000 loan (paying around 30% interest).

One shows a purchaser who leaves her baby in the car, then the car is repossessed with the baby inside.

Another shows a 2003 Kia Optima car that gets loaned and repossessed at least 8 times, each time valued at 2-3x its previous estimate.

Right now, approximately 31% of subprime auto loans are currently non-performing. While auto sales are soaring, these practices are driving up the prices of used cars and ultimately leave most borrowers in a financial nightmare.

Listen carefully. A car depreciates in value and is should be considered on par with buying an appliance. You need something functional, reliable and that you can afford.  To avoid borrowing, buy a cheap, out of style, used car that gets you where you need to go and then save money to upgrade to a better car only when you have the cash on hand.

I have been going through the used car buying process with my son for the past few months.  We have looked at hundreds of cars online, test driven about three and had one evaluated by a mechanic only to learn the car, which looked great, needed $2000 of engine repairs. It takes time to find a good one, but we will not borrow money to buy a car. It is a bad idea and big financial mistake.

NEVER Take Out This Kind of Loan

Originally posted at Christian Post August 26, 2016.

Dear Chuck, 

What is your view of payday lending? It seems like Crown would have some insight on the perils of such loans and whether there are alternative ways to secure a “small-dollar loan” such as through church lending clubs, or some other means.

Considering my options

Dear Considering,

Thanks for the great question. This is a topic close to my heart, and actually, close to God’s heart too.

Payday loans are a bad idea. They should be considered “predatory loans” because too often they lead to a form of servitude for people who get trapped in excessive debt nearly impossible to repay. Usually, a payday loan involves a very short term, very high interest rate, taken on by those who are in financial difficulty without many options. In short, people who are in trouble and desperate for quick cash.

The Center for Responsible Lending explains the “Debt Trap” of payday lending like this, and I quote:

  • In order to take out a loan, the payday lender requires the borrower write a check dated for their next payday.
  • The payday lender cashes the check on that payday, before the borrower can buy groceries or pay bills.
  • The interest rates are so high (over 300% on average) that people cannot pay off their loans while covering normal living expenses.
  • The typical borrower is compelled to take out one loan after another, incurring new fees each time out. This is the debt trap.

Taking a look at the terrible cost of this practice, the Pew Charitable Foundation found that a spiral of debt impacts those who take out the loans almost immediately, reporting, “twelve million American adults use payday loans annually. On average, a borrower takes out eight loans of $375 each per year and spends $520 on interest.”

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau report concluded that more than 80 percent of payday loans are rolled over or followed by another loan within two weeks, and that 15 percent of new loans lead to a chain of at least 10 loans.

The Biblical instructions about usury, which is understood to be high, excessive interest rates, are to avoid taking advantage of the poor and vulnerable. In Ezekiel 18, the prophet describes a righteous man, observing: “He does not oppress anyone, but returns what he took in pledge for a loan. He does not commit robbery but gives his food to the hungry and provides clothing for the naked. He does not lend to them at interest or take a profit from them.”

This is not a warning against making a profit with lending in business. It is a warning against using financial leverage to hurt those with few other options. Proverbs 22:22 puts it like this, “Do not exploit the poor because they are poor and do not crush the needy in court.”

There has been so much concern with the cruel burden of payday loans that the federal Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has begun to crack down on them, leading to another trend that can be just as predatory and dangerous for borrowers – Installment loans. You can think of such loans as going longer than the next payday, but still with often crippling interest rates, and these loans are often marketed to people with bad credit, so-called risky borrowers.

Installment loans also can be targeted to the people who struggle to repay debt. In fact, “citing default rates that often range between 20% and 50%, the National Consumer Law Center said installment loans can present bigger risks than payday loans because they keep borrowers indebted for a longer period,” reports the Wall Street Journal.

So what should be done about this?

A variety of agencies and church groups have become advocates for tighter regulation, zoning restrictions and policy reform. They are making inroads to curtail the worst practices. While this is helpful, the market segment needing immediate cash remains vulnerable. As a general rule, I recommend borrowers seek to escape the trap through education and Christian based alternatives.

There are a number of faith groups offering innovative alternatives such Faith for Just Lending.  Some churches in Pennsylvania have established a program called Grace Period, by working with a local credit union to establish savings accounts that are gifted to the borrower once their loan has been paid back.

Crown has long advised local churches to help those in need of financial help, encouraging congregations to set up a Benevolence Committee to bring in financial coaching, resume writing workshops, even short-term gifts or loans. Crown also has many resources to help churches equip their people to serve those in need. Individuals can take a free MoneyLife Indicator assessment, which will serve as an educational and guidance tool for those who want to learn to thrive. But pastors who want to learn more about how well their members are doing, and what tools would best meet the needs of their congregation, can begin that process with a financial assessment taken as a group, with the individual identities kept private, so that the true needs of a church can be addressed as a whole through a group snapshot of needs and attitudes of those they are serving each week.

How to Find Hope in Overwhelming Debt

I want to encourage you, that while it may take time, you can begin recovering today by setting a goal of getting debt free. Make up your mind that you don’t want to live like this any longer, and then follow a step-by-step plan.

I’ve found in working with other people facing the same struggle, that it generally takes about 5 – 7 years to become fully free, so understand that it’s really about changing your mindset and making a lifestyle change to accomplish your goal.

Let’s start with the practical. First, you must create a truly functional budget, looking at all that you own, all that you owe, all of your obligations so that you have a clear picture of where your money is going and where it is needed. Crown has some free tools to organize your finances  and to help you build a budget that reflects all that you are spending. This step will identify the real problems that need to be addressed.

And as much as I believe in getting debt free, I recommend that you begin this entire process by saving $1,000 that you don’t touch, but rather set aside for true emergencies.

Now, consider taking on an extra job.

Over the years, I’ve worked multiple jobs myself, and while you may not want to do that long term, if you had an extra job on weekends or evenings from which you used the extra income to reduce your debt, you could more quickly reduce the deficit.

A good friend once posed the question, “What are you doing after 5:00?” in the context of earning more income to support my growing family.

Solomon said it this way in Ecclesiastes 11: 6, “Sow your seed in the morning,
and at evening let your hands not be idle,
for you do not know which will succeed, whether this or that,
or whether both will do equally well.”

Mortgages: Refinancing vs Recasting

Dear Chuck,

My husband and I own a home and are trying to decide if we should change our mortgage to get in better financial health. I read recently about “recasting” a mortgage, which sounds a lot like a fishing term! Is that something worth considering? We’ve been looking into refinancing. What is the difference?

Confused on Recasting

Dear Confused,

For most of us, a home is the most expensive investment we will ever make, and it’s a good one. Throughout the scripture from the first pages in Genesis, God talks about land as a possession and an investment worthy of our efforts, and says in Jeremiah 29:5, “Build houses and live in them; plant gardens and eat their produce.” But getting the best deal on that land is a process!

Whether to refinance or recast a mortgage cannot be answered with a simple yes or no. You need to consider a few things first before choosing the best option.

Refinancing a mortgage typically is driven by the desire to get a lower interest rate on your loan, which reduces the cost of what you are paying to borrow money. It involves a credit check, fees based on the size of the mortgage and a legal process similar to what you went through to get the loan in the first place.

refinancing recasting mortgage

Much less well known is recasting a loan. Banks don’t like to advertise this option because they make lower profits on the process, and not all loans qualify. (It is harder to get approval for recasting a variable rate loan, for example.) But if your mortgage loan does qualify, recasting involves putting cash down on the principal (the amount you borrowed) and then recalculating the loan for lower payments.  Your original interest rate stays the same as does the length of your mortgage (a 15, 20 or 30-year loan remains that), but the net effect is you owe less money on the principle and now have a lower monthly payment.

You will generally need at least $5,000 to put down on the mortgage to get approval. One really good reason to recast is if you have a“jumbo loan,” a large loan for which the bank can charge a higher interest rate. Getting under that federal limit could be a good move.

Houselogic.com lists these reasons for considering a recasting:

I see the real advantage of recasting as a direct reduction of overall debt and lower monthly payments regardless of the motivations.

Regarding the other option, a real disadvantage to refinancing is that you spend money on fees that do not reduce your mortgage principal but also restart the amortization of your note.  This means you start over paying higher amounts of interest on the front end of your mortgage.

Both options require cash and offer the opportunity to lower your monthly payments. Recasting will reduce your mortgage. Refinancing will get you a lower interest rate and possibly a lower overall cost of your mortgage.

But getting rid of a mortgage has other financial implications. The Wall Street Journal notes: “There are downsides to the strategy (of recasting). Many financial experts advise against putting additional cash into one’s residence, arguing that higher returns historically have been available in the financial markets and interest rates on bonds are likely to rise eventually. They also warn of the possible tax consequences of retiring a mortgage early, because mortgage interest on a primary residence can be tax-deductible.”

refinancing recasting mortgage

While I don’t buy those arguments, it is important not to forget the value of cash on hand for a day of disaster.

In The SALT Plan, a book I wrote on preparing for financial disasters, I note that the Bible recommends that people save 20 percent of their income in good times, to prepare for bad. You never know when you might lose your job or when your health might be in jeopardy. If you recast your loan and then lose your job, you can’t get that cash back unless you sell your home or borrow against your home equity.

In an uncertain world, consider carefully all your options for available cash.

Refinancing makes sense to lower the cost of debt depending on your interest rate, and recasting makes sense if you have sufficient savings and other investment (like retirement) in order. But be sure to have resources available to you in reserve to meet unknown events.

So there are the pros and cons of each option.

From a Biblical perspective, I think it is best to have sufficient money in an emergency savings account, work to pay off your mortgage and become totally debt free. Without knowing more about your circumstances, I would lean towards recasting but keeping your monthly payments the same and applying the maximum amount possible towards the reduction of your mortgage each month.

Prayerfully consider your long-term goals as you make your choice.

 

Originally posted at Christian Post August 19, 2016.

Are You Stressed About Your Medical Bills?

I recently received this question:

My husband and I could really, really use some financial advice. We are both in our 20’s, have a baby, and have been married for a little over 4 years. Unfortunately, we’ve acquired quite a bit of debt, mostly from medical bills because I did not have insurance. But we do have some debt from other sources also. I was wondering if going through a Christian debt consolidation company would be a good way to go. I’m very overwhelmed and would appreciate any help. 

She is certainly not alone in struggling with this issue. About 1 in 5 people under age 65 who have insurance reported difficulties in paying for medical debt, according to a survey sponsored by the Kaiser Family Foundation and New York Times. However, for people without insurance that number rose to more than 50%!

I would encourage you to first take stock of all your debt by sitting down with your husband and going through a budget that details all your obligations and assets. Crown has some wonderful free tools that can help.

As part of that process, gather up ALL of your medical bills and try and read the fine print. Faulty coding or the interpretation of the financial office can impact your bill. In 2012, the Cleveland Plain Dealer did a series of articles that showed as many as 289 people were adding items to medical bills. Mistakes can be made when that many people can add a charge, and often are. US News reported recently, “According to Medical Billing Advocates of America, a national association that reviews medical bills for consumers, 80 percent of hospital bills contain errors.”  I’ve found that hospitals and doctors are usually willing to discuss a payment plan, and it’s worth talking to them directly to avoid being sent to a collection agency.

Crown has a valued partner, Christian Credit Counselors whom we have worked with for years, and they can assist you in making good decisions with the debt you may have. But do your research. Before you hire a company, take time to look at their track record and ask hard questions.

Your creditors do want their money, and usually prefer some kind of payment plan. Take advantage of their desire to keep the finances simple and to ask for some debt forgiveness and a payment schedule. Bankruptcy should be your last resort.

Annuities 101

If you are 66 years old and someone offered to sell you an annuity with these terms: For $260,000, you will receive back $1,300/month for the rest of your life. Would you take it?

Far too many decide for this option without doing the math. David Marotta had an excellent article in Forbes Magazine examining this very scenario.  Careful analysis reveals that the insurance company will be paying you back the money you gave them for the next 16 years and 8 months or until you are nearly 83 years old. Only then will you begin earning anything over and above what you originally handed over to them.  If you live to be 100, your return on investment will equal about 4.5%.  But remember, at age 66, life expectancy is only to age 85.  So the odds are greatly in favor of the insurance company that they will only be paying you back the money you gave them in the first place.

I am not saying that you should not buy an annuity. It may give you great peace of mind to have this type of insurance.  But there are alternatives. Working with a professional, trusted advisor that shares your Christian worldview, you could invest the money in low risk instruments and likely have a better overall return on your money as you slowly withdrawal what you need each year.

For example, Mr. Marotta explains, “The maximum safe withdrawal rate for age 66 is 4.43%. This means that you could withdraw 4.43% of your properly invested portfolio, increase that number by real inflation each year, and you have a better than 80% chance of being able to keep that up for the rest of your life. Therefore, with a portfolio of $234,000 at age 66, you should be able to withdraw $10,366 (4.43%) a year or $864 per month for the rest of your life. You should be able to increase this by inflation each year and you should be able to do this, on average, until you turn 101.” Read the full article here.

We’ve got lots of resources available at crown.org to help you with your financial challenges. And if you need extra help tackling overwhelming credit card debt, our partners at Christian Credit Counselors are experts at developing debt management plans.

Do You Feel Like You Are Slowing Drowning in Debt?

Originally posted at Christian Post August 12, 2016.

Dear Chuck,

I have a rather unique problem; I feel like I’m drowning in debt, but I’m told I’m not in deep enough to get help! I have a car payment with 14 months left. I have four credit cards that I make payments on, but I’m finding it hard to keep up with them (overall credit card debt about $5,000). By the time I pay other bills like phone, utilities, and fuel, I’m broke. I can’t take Crown’s advice to get ahead by using my tax refund to pay debt as I usually only get about $1,000. I can’t see how my refund can help. My credit cards are causing my financial issues, but after I am tapped out in paying bills and making payments, I usually need them to survive until my next paycheck. I tried to get a debt consolidation, but they say I don’t have enough debt. I’m feeling lost, but I know GOD will get me through this. I just don’t know how to start.

Drowning Slowly in Debt.

Dear Drowning,

Please know that there ARE things you can do; your situation is far from hopeless!

I want to encourage you, that while it may take time, you can begin the hard work by setting a goal of getting debt free. Make up your mind that you don’t want to live like this any longer and then follow a step-by-step plan.

I’ve found in working with other people facing the same struggle, that it generally takes about 5 – 7 years to become fully free, so understand that it’s really about changing your mindset and making a lifestyle change to accomplish your goal.

Let’s start with the practical. First, you must create a truly functional budget. Look at all that you own, all that you owe, and all of your obligations so that you have a clear picture of where your money is going and where it is needed. Crown has some free tools to help you build a budget that reflects all that you are spending and will help organize your finances. This step will identify the real problems that need to be addressed.

And as much as I believe in getting debt free, I recommend that you begin this entire process by saving $1,000 that you don’t touch except for true emergencies. This would be a good use for your tax refund. The reason so many of us turn to credit cards is because we don’t have savings set aside when emergencies come – and they will come.

Next, understand that credit cards themselves can be a useful tool in our electronic culture but only when you can pay them off every month.  I’ve written about the right way to use credit cards in this column. I would advise you to cut up three of them, so that no further charges can be made. Then pick the one with the lowest balance and work to pay it off first. It is not always to your advantage to cancel credit cards as that can hurt your credit rating, but if you cut them up, you can stop the spending.

In looking at the information that you gave me, I note that your car is almost paid off. Take good care of it and keep it running. Consider working to pay that off early, as that payment, once available, will really be useful in paying down your other debt.

With these basic steps in place, it’s time to consider the fact that you may need more money to best accomplish your goal of becoming debt free.

Consider whether you have items around your home you could sell and apply to your debt. Most of us have things we don’t use that might be of interest to someone else. Consider changes in lifestyle, such as cutting back on eating out or getting a roommate to share those rent and utility costs. But I would also encourage you to consider whether you need a new job or to add a second part-time job to increase your income that is going to pay off your debt.

But there is a silver lining to this cloud of debt: Proverbs 16:26 says, “The appetite of laborers works for them; their hunger drives them on.”

The urgency you are feeling may be a push from the Lord, a motivator, to make some changes in your life or seek a new job that works better for you.

Over the years, I’ve worked multiple jobs myself, and while you may not want to do that long term, if you had an extra job on weekends or evenings you could apply your extra paychecks to address your deficit more quickly. A good friend once posed the question, “What are you doing after 5:00?” in context of earning more income to support my growing family.

Solomon said it this way in Ecclesiastes 11: 6 – “Sow your seed in the morning,
and at evening let your hands not be idle,
for you do not know which will succeed,
 whether this or that,
or whether both will do equally well.”

Crown has some excellent free resources on managing debt and we also have some valued partners like Christian Credit Counselors who may be able to counsel you in developing a debt-management plan to help you pay off your debts more quickly.

Okay, ready to take the first step?  I hope so. No need to keep treading water when a lifeline is available. Let me know how else we can help.

5 Ways to Become a Better Investor

Matt Bell, a friend and financial author has written an excellent article called The Essentials of Investing on his blog, Matt About Money.  It is a very helpful, basic guide for those who need to know how and where to get started.

Matt says that to lower the fear and confusion follow five simple recommendations:

First, Get in the Game. Allow money to multiple for you. A long-term investment strategy allows us to earn compound interest. In essence, compound interest is interest earning interest.

Once you’re out of debt other than a reasonable mortgage and have an adequate emergency fund, you’re ready to get compound interest working for you.

Second, Estimate How Much You Need to Invest. Of the various online retirement calculators you could use, one of the easiest is Fidelity’s myPlan Snapshot. Then click “Create a Plan” to run a more detailed analysis.

Third, Determine Your Optimal Asset Allocation. It’s important to understand, and more than a little counter-intuitive, that how you invest is more important than what you invest in. Diversification is the key.

Finally, Determine How You Will Choose Your Investments. Once you’ve determined how much to invest each month and have figured out the right asset allocation for you, there are a number of ways you could choose what to invest in, including: choosing your own mutual or exchange-traded funds within the various asset classes and in the right percentages based on your chosen asset allocation, putting your money in a target-date mutual fund, subscribing to professional investing newsletters, or working with a professional investment advisor. It is best to start small and learn as you gain knowledge and experience.

Lessons from Dallas Cowboy’s Running Back and His $2 Car

Originally posted at Christian Post July 29, 2016.

Dear Chuck,

I was intrigued by a story I saw recently about the Dallas Cowboy’s running back, Alfred Morris, who signed a $3.5 million deal on top of more than $3 million he made playing for the Washington Redskins, and yet he still drives a 1991 Mazda 626 he bought from his pastor for $2 when he was a junior in college. He calls the car “Bentley,” and says he is determined to keep the car and refrain from a “flashy” lifestyle. Do you think that keeping a car “until death do us part” is something everyone should do?

Curious about Cars

Dear Curious,

As a matter of fact – YES – I do believe that a good way for people to maximize their resources is to buy large ticket items such as cars with the goal of buying them outright or with minimal payments, paying them off quickly and working to keep them running for as long as possible. Alfred Morris has shown incredible restraint and real wisdom in keeping his beloved car running. But there is more to his accomplishment than cheap transportation.

I will write more about car ownership in a minute, but first, let’s consider just what the true cost of Morris’ “Bentley” has meant to his bottom line, compared to the luxury Bentley he could have purchased with the more than $6 million he could be spending.

To understand the true value of keeping his old car running, you need to know more about “opportunity costs.” An opportunity cost is the cost to you of an alternative choice you could have made. With every dollar you have, you choose to save, to spend, or to tithe, and each choice yields its own rewards. But with each choice some doors are closed. To determine the real cost of a choice you need to consider what would have happened if you had opened a different door.

In Morris’ case with the car, his decision to keep $300,000 in the bank and in his pocket, rather than spending it on a new Bentley, has tremendous, long-term potential. At age 22, about the time his career was taking off, if Morris put the $300,000 for a car into a Real Estate investment or the stock market (both of which can yield 8 to 10 percent annually with long term investment), he could earn more than $8.2 million by age 65.

That means the opportunity cost for Morris was NOT $300,000 for a one-time car purchase, but actually more than $8.2 million in resources if that same amount had been invested for the future.

Reading this article reminded me of a commercial I saw once that showed people living the high life, wearing expensive clothes and jewels, and traveling the world on a yacht. The voice over for the commercial noted that these people seemed to have it all, but then it flashed forward to the future when they were old and destitute, and the announcer observed that their lifestyle was at the tremendous cost of their retirement needs. Even though the advertisement was for a financial planning service, thinking about the future is an important spiritual principle for decision-making.

In Luke 14:28-30, Jesus was telling his followers to consider the cost of following him, and to make a plan to see it through to the end. He said: “Suppose one of you wants to build a tower. Won’t you first sit down and estimate the cost to see if you have enough money to complete it? For if you lay the foundation and are not able to finish it, everyone who sees it will ridicule you, saying, ‘This person began to build and wasn’t able to finish.’”

We all need to live our lives in such a way that we can meet our obligations as well as stand before God himself and give an account for our choices. To fully consider the costs of our daily choices, we need to remember that eternity stretches before us, where our choices have eternal implications. This means we need to make sure our priorities for spending are bigger than just our desires.

In Matthew 6:19-21, Jesus said: “Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moths and vermin destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where moths and vermin do not destroy, and where thieves do not break in and steal. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.”

Even on something as seemingly simple as a car buying choice, it’s important to first count the financial cost, considering whether you will have the income to pay for it and what you will be giving up to have that car. Crown has some great, free tools for thinking through a car purchase which you can access here.

For most of us, a car is not a luxury item but a necessity for getting to work and to all the locations that make up our daily lives. It’s important, especially if public transportation is not an option, to have a reliable way to get to work and everywhere else your life determines, but needs vary.

A father with daughters may decide he would rather acquire a new car, to ensure that it is safe to drive late at night, while someone else may choose a fixer-upper because he or she has the skills to keep it going.

Still we must also count the spiritual cost, asking ourselves what our motivation is for this purchase. I would also encourage you to take a free MoneyLife Indicator assessment to better understand your attitudes toward money and how you use it, and to compare that with what God recommends in scripture.

It is possible that a desire for a certain kind of car is more about trying to impress other people rather than trying to do what is best for you. There is not one right car choice for everyone, but for every decision, there is a cost. So, before you get a car (or make any other big purchase), be sure you know what the full cost is – today AND tomorrow.